These microstructures are subsequently incorporated into an Eulerian finite element (FE) simulation of the LIW process, enabling prediction of grain elongations that result from the varying yield surfaces, stacking fault energies, and grain-boundary sliding effects. ![]() Inhomogeneous microstructures for two dissimilar foils (aluminum 1100 and stainless steel 304) are first predicted using the Dynamic Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) method to simulate laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) additive manufacturing (AM). Such transient phenomena include evolution of shear stresses, plastic strains, thermal response, and material jetting. Introduced is a comprehensive numerical modeling framework that includes microstructure when simulating the laser impact welding (LIW) of metals to study the transient phenomena that occur during weld formation.
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